Glossary

Acacia Crassicarpa, Acacia Mangium and Acacia Auriculiformis	Three species of Acacia, characterised by fast-growing and good pulping qualities. APRIL plants Acacia Crassicarpa on low-lying poorly drained land and Acacia Mangium on better drained soils. The company is currently evaluating on mineral soils Acacia hybrids (A. mangium x A. auriculiformis) for their genetic properties and the effectiveness of cloning.
Acacia Chain of Custody System	As part of APRIL's commitment to sustainable fiber plantation management, APRIL ensures that the flow of Acacia fiber from the plantation to the mill can be reliably monitored, traced and documented. Through APRIL's Acacia Chain of Custody (CoC) System, Acacia wood can be identified and segregated from mixed hardwood at any point from the plantation to the mill production chain.
ADt (Air Dried tonne)	Marketable pulp (air dried) contains 10 percent water.
AOX	A collective term for organic halogens. Total concentration of chlorine bound to organic compounds in waste water. AOX measures all chlorine compounds both harmful and harmless.
Biofuel	In contrast to fuel based on products derived from the petrochemical industry (i.e. fossilized biomaterial) biofuel is based on raw material derived from living organisms and therefore can be classified as renewable resource.
Bleached Chemical Market Pulp	Pulp obtained by digestion of wood with solutions of various chemicals. The principal chemical processes are the sulfate (kraft), sulfite, and soda processes. Chemical pulps are used to make shipping containers, paper bags, printing and writing papers, and other products requiring strength and is produced to be sold in the open market.
BOD	Biological oxygen demand. A measure of the amount of oxygen that bacteria will consume while decomposing biologically available organic matter. BOD is a measure of the degree of organic pollution in water. See COD also.
CIFOR	Center for International Forestry Research, located in Jakarta, Indonesia.
COD	Chemical oxygen demand. COD does not differentiate between biologically available and inert organic matter and is therefore a measure of the total quantity of oxygen required to oxidize all organic matter into carbon dioxide and water. As with BOD, it is a measure of water quality. See BOD also.
Elemental Chlorine Free (ECF)	Pulp bleaching process, where no chlorine gas (i.e. no elemental chlorine (Cl2) is used, but only chlorine dioxide (ClO2). Using chlorine dioxide (a powerful oxidant) minimizes the formation of chlorinated organic compounds during bleaching.
Eucalyptus	A large family of trees, common in Australia. Certain species, like the Eucalyptus Pellita, are native to Indonesia. APRIL is evaluating the suitability of planting Eucalyptus hybrids on a large scale on mineral soils.
Hectare	Metric unit of area equal to 10,000 square metres (2.471 acres)
Illegal Logging / Illegal Wood	This refers to trees that are cut from natural forests, private concessions and village land without legitimate government authorisation or permits. It also includes wood obtained through bribery and wood acquired in violation of the conditions of the permit (e.g. cutting more than the authorised volume, or cutting outside the permit area). Illegal logging is a global multi-billion dollar industry affecting many countries. APRIL is actively combating illegal logging.
ISO	The International Organization for Standardization, also known as ISO, is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies representing more than 140 countries, one representative from each country. ISO is a non-governmental organization established in 1947. The mission of ISO is to promote the development of standardization and related activities in the world with a view to facilitating the international exchange of goods and services, and to developing cooperation in the spheres of intellectual, scientific, technological and economic activity. ISO's work results in international agreements which are published as International Standards. ISO is not an acronym for the International Organization for Standardization, as many people believe, ISO is actually derived from the Greek "isos", meaning "equal" which is the root of the prefix "iso" found in many terms to indicate "equal", such as: isometric; isobar; isogenous; isotope; etc. Therefore, the short name of the organisation "ISO" ensures that the name remains the same, regardless of the country or language.
ISO 9000:2000	Comprises a series of documents (standards, guidelines and technical reports) that set out more specific standards for areas such as auditing procedures, quality performance evaluation, quality improvement, quality in project management, training, techniques and statistical process control; however, they do not result in "certifications". ISO 9001:2000 "Quality management systems - Requirements" is the standard used to assess an organization's ability to meet customer and applicable regulatory requirements and thereby address customer satisfaction. Furthermore, ISO 9001:2000 is the only standard in the ISO 9000:2000 family against which third-party certification can be carried out.
ISO 14001 "Environmental Management Systems - Specification with guidance for use"	Is the only standard within the ISO 14000 series against which an organization's environmental management system (EMS) can be certified. ISO 14001 requires that an organization's EMS provides a framework to identify and address the significant environmental aspects and related impacts of its activities, products and services. ISO 14001 requires compliance with all relevant legislation and a commitment to continual improvement of the organisation's EMS. However, the ISO standard does not set specific environmental performance criteria nor does it establish absolute requirements for environmental performance; these are defined by the organisation seeking certification to this standard. Certification to ISO 14001 requires an organization to: establish an appropriate environmental policy; determine significant environmental impacts of its activities (past, present or planned) and of the products/services it produces (ensure that all issues identified as "significant" are being managed within the EMS); identify the relevant environmental legislative and regulatory requirements (ensure regulatory compliance is being achieved); identify priorities and set appropriate environmental objectives and targets; establish a structure and programme(s) to enable it to implement the policy and achieve the established objectives and targets; facilitate planning, control, monitoring, corrective action, auditing and review activities to ensure both that the policy is complied with and that the environmental management system remains appropriate to the nature and scale of the organisation's activities (the system is auditable, both internally and externally); and be capable of adapting to changing circumstances.
Kraft pulp	Pulp produced by the most widely used chemical pulping process, the kraft process (also known as sulphate pulping process). This process is versatile, allowing most types of wood to be used as raw material. Unbleached kraft pulp is brown in colour and its uses include brown sack paper and bags. For use as printing or writing papers it needs to be bleached. The name of the process comes from the German word "kraft" (power, strength), referring to the high strength of kraft pulp (as compared with sulphite pulp, a product of the less common sulphite pulping process).
Land Disputes	Land in Indonesian is predominantly state-owned. The right to use the land is given to certain companies and individual under licensed concessions for which fees or royalties are payable. A major exemption to this is traditional village land, usually small plots on which villagers grow subsistence and cash crops. Disputes may arise through overlapping claims to the same land, or through lack of provable land titles and questionable recognition of traditional rights.
Melaleuca	Melaleuca is a genus of around 170 species in the Myrtle family (Myrtaceae). APRIL is testing Melaleuca intensively to determine the best planting material sources, to further develop our management techniques, and to understand their fiber properties in pulp production.
Mixed Hardwood pulp	A specific type of pulp which, in the case of APRIL, is produced from a mixture of various hardwood species harvested from concession areas which are being developed into Acacia plantations.
Nordic Swan	The Nordic Swan is an Eco-label that signifies that a product satisfies the Nordic Environmental Labelling Board criteria and requirements over the whole life cycle. This standard covers both the external and internal environment and the product's manufacture all the way from the raw materials to recycling.
OHSAS 18001	OHSAS 18001 is an Occupation Health and Safety Assessment Series for health and safety management systems. It is intended to help organizations control occupational health and safety risks.
pH	The pH scale commonly measures the acidity or alkalinity of water. pH is the negative logarithm of the molar concentration of hydrogen ions. It ranges from 0 to 14. A pH of 7 is neutral (pure water). A pH less than 7 is acidic, and a pH greater than 7 is basic.
Riau Province (Riau Propinsi)	The province on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia, where APRIL's pulp & paper mills are located. For administrative purposes, Indonesia is divided into a number of provinces, each administered by its own government.
Riparian	Relating to the immediate surrounding area of a natural water course. This includes vegetation as well as the soil.
SME (Small & Medium-sized Enterprises)	APRIL helps establish and encourages local SMEs both through our industrial operation and via community development.
Sumatra (Sumatera)	The second largest island in Indonesia (after Borneo). Riau Province, where APRIL's pulp & paper mills are located, is in Sumatra.
Sumatran Elephant	The Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) is the smallest (and perhaps oldest) of the Asian subspecies and is unique to the island of Sumatra. It has been protected in Indonesia since 1931. Now endangered, population surveys conducted in the 1980's estimated that only 2800 - 4500 wild elephants remain.
Tesso Nilo	Tesso Nilo is a lowland forest area in Riau Province. The area is a natural habitat for Sumatran elephants and other wildlife. It has also been found to have up to 218 species of plants in plots of only 200 sq. metres, giving it a greater biodiversity than any other area in the world.
US Cluster Rule	A comprehensive set of regulations issued by the US Environmental Protection Agency to reduce environmental pollution, water discharges, air emissions, and solid wastes relating to all industries, including pulp and paper mills.

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