7.0 Appendices

7.3 Glossary: APRIL Sustainability Report 2011-2012

Acacia
(crassicarpa,
mangium and
auriculiformis)
Genus of tree belonging to subfamily Mimosoideae of the family Fabaceae. APRIL cultivates three species of Acacia, all characterised by rapid growth and good pulping qualities. The company plants Acacia crassicarpa on low-lying poorly drained land and Acacia mangium on better-drained soils. For mineral soils, APRIL is currently evaluating Acacia hybrids (A. mangium x A. auriculiformis).

ADT
Air Dry Tonne (1000 kg). In the pulp and paper industry, air-dried pulp is defined as containing 90 per cent solids, and is therefore 10 per cent water. (Paper is around 94-95% solids.)

ANDAL
Analisis Dampak Lingkungan (environmental impact assessment study)

AOX
Adsorbable organically bound halogens (AOX) are a group of chemicals that can be adsorbed from water onto activated carbon. AOX expresses the total concentration of chlorine bound to organic compounds in wastewater. It measures all chlorine compounds both harmful and harmless.

BAT
Best Available Techniques. A term that describes best practice in limiting pollutant discharges. The term constitutes a moving benchmark on practices, since developing societal values and advancing techniques may change what is currently regarded as “reasonably achievable”, “best practicable” and “best available”.

Biodiversity
Total diversity or variation of life within a given ecosystem.

Biofuel
In contrast to fuel based on products derived from the petrochemical industry (i.e. fossilized biomaterial) biofuel is based on raw material derived from living organisms and therefore can be classified as renewable resource.

Bleached Chemical
Market Pulp
Pulp obtained by digestion of wood with solutions of various chemicals. The principal chemical processes are the sulfate (kraft), sulfite, and soda processes. Chemical pulps are used to make shipping cartons, paper bags, printing and writing papers, and other products that require strength.

BOD
Biochemical Oxygen Demand. A measure of water quality. Specifically, the amount of oxygen that bacteria will consume while decomposing biologically available organic matter. BOD expresses the degree of organic pollution in water. See COD also.

BREF
Best Available Technique Reference document. Published by the European Commission Joint Research Centre, the documents summarise BAT across a wide range of industries.

Carbon footprint
A measure of the total amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions of a defined population, system or activity, considering all relevant sources, sinks and storage within the spatial and temporal boundary of the population, system or activity of interest. Calculated as carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) using the relevant 100-year global warming potential (GWP100).

Chain of
Custody System
(CoC)
For APRIL, CoC involves monitoring, tracing and documenting the flow of fibre from the plantation to the mill. Part of APRIL’s commitment to sustainable fibre plantation management. Through APRIL’s Chain of Custody (CoC) System, plantation wood can be identified and segregated from mixed hardwood at any point from the plantation to the mill production chain.

Elemental Chlorine
Free (ECF)
Pulp bleaching process, where no chlorine gas (i.e. no elemental chlorine (Cl2) is used, but only chlorine dioxide (ClO2). Using chlorine dioxide (a powerful oxidant) minimizes the formation of chlorinated organic compounds during bleaching.

ELV
Emission Limit Values - relating to National regulations concerning environmental discharges from a pulp and paper factory.

Eucalyptus
A large family of trees, common in Australia. Certain species, like the Eucalyptus pellita, are native to Indonesia. APRIL is evaluating the suitability of planting Eucalyptus hybrids on a large scale on mineral soils.

FAO
The Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, headquartered in Rome, Italy. The FAO promotes the principles and practice of sustainable forest management.

FLEGT
Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade. The European Union’s effort to exclude illegal timber from markets, to improve the supply of legal timber and increase the demand for responsible wood products.

GHG
Greenhouse gas. Gases such as carbon dioxide and methane that absord and re-emit thermal radiation (heat).

GJ
Gigajoule A unit of energy equal to one billion joules.

GRI
The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). A non-profit organization that promotes economic sustainability. The GRI produces one of the world’s most prevalent standards for sustainability reporting. GRI Guidelines are used by around 4,000 organizations from 60 countries to produce their sustainability reports.

Hectare
Metric unit of area equal to 10,000 square metres (2.471 acres)

HCV/ HCVF
High Conservation Value Forests. HCVFs are defined as forests of outstanding and critical importance due to their environmental, socio- economic, biodiversity or landscape values.

Illegal Logging /
Illegal Wood
The practice of cutting trees from natural forests, private concessions and village land without legitimate government authorisation or permits. It also includes wood obtained through bribery and wood acquired in violation of the conditions of the permit (e.g. cutting more than the authorised volume, or cutting outside the permit area). Illegal logging is a global multi-billion dollar industry affecting many countries. APRIL is actively combating illegal logging.

IPPC
A European Union directive that serves as a legislative instrument for the protection of the environment and human health through pollution control.

IUCN
The International Union for Conservation of Nature. The world’s oldest and largest global environmental network. The organisation describes its mission as “helping the world find pragmatic solutions to our most pressing environment and development challenges.” The IUCN supports scientific research, manages field projects all over the world and brings governments, non-government organisations, United Nations agencies, companies and local communities together to develop and implement policy, laws and best practice.

IUCN Red List
The world’s most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biological species. The IUCN Red List is based on criteria that evaluate the extinction risk of thousands of species and subspecies.

ISO
The International Organization for Standardization, also known as ISO, is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies representing more than 140 countries, one representative from each country. ISO is a non-governmental organization established in 1947. The mission of ISO is to promote the development of standardization and related activities in the world with a view to facilitating the international exchange of goods and services, and to developing cooperation in the spheres of intellectual, scientific, technological and economic activity. ISO’s work results in international agreements that are published as International Standards.

ISO 9000:2000
Comprises a series of documents (standards, guidelines and technical reports) that set out more specific standards for areas such as auditing procedures, quality performance evaluation, quality improvement, quality in project management, training, techniques and statistical process control; however, they do not result in “certifications”. ISO 9001:2000 “Quality management systems - Requirements” is the standard used to assess an organization’s ability to meet customer and applicable regulatory requirements and thereby address customer satisfaction. ISO 9001:2000 is the only standard in the ISO 9000:2000 family against which third-party certification can be carried out.

ISO 14001
“Environmental
Management Systems
Specification with
guidance for use”
The standard within the ISO 14000 series against which an organization’s environmental management system (EMS) can be certified. ISO 14001 requires that an organisation’s EMS provide a framework to identify and address the significant environmental aspects and related impacts of its activities, products and services. ISO 14001 requires compliance with all relevant legislation and a commitment to continual improvement of the organisation’s EMS. However, the ISO standard does not set specific environmental performance criteria nor does it establish absolute requirements for environmental performance; these are defined by the organisation seeking certification to this standard.

IVL
The Swedish Environmental Research Institute is an independent non-profit owned by a foundation jointly established by the Swedish Government and Swedish industry.

Kampar Peninsula
The Kampar Peninsula is situated in the province of Riau, on the east coast of central Sumatra in Indonesia. It is delimited by sea in the north and east, by Kampar River in the south and the Kutup River in the west. The 700,000 ha peninsula is covered by peat swamp forests – a special type of rainforest growing on an accumulating, water- logged peat soil up to 15 metres thick. (See also Peat and Peatland)

Kerinci
Location in Riau Province, Sumatra, Indonesia. Home to APRIL’s Indonesia operations.

Kraft pulp
Pulp produced by the most widely used chemical pulping process, the kraft process (also known as sulphate pulping process). This process is versatile, allowing most types of wood to be used as raw material. Unbleached kraft pulp is brown in colour and its uses include brown sack paper and bags. For use as printing or writing papers it needs to be bleached. The name of the process comes from the German word “kraft” (power, strength), referring to the high strength of kraft pulp (as compared with sulphite pulp, a product of the less common sulphite pulping process).

LEI
Lembaga Ekolabel Indonesia. The Indonesian Ecolabelling Institute, a non-profit constituent-based organization that develops forest certification systems. LEI aims to promote just and sustainable forest resource management in Indonesia.

Megajoule
A unit of energy equal to one million joules.

Melaleuca
Melaleuca is a genus of around 170 species belonging to the Myrtle family (Myrtaceae). APRIL is testing Melaleuca intensively to determine the best planting material sources, to further develop our management techniques, and to understand their fibre properties in pulp production.

Mixed Hardwood pulp
The International Organization for Standardization, also known as ISO, is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies representing more than 140 countries, one representative from each country. ISO is a non-governmental organization established in 1947. The mission of ISO is to promote the development of standardization and related activities in the world with a view to facilitating the international exchange of goods and services, and to developing cooperation in the spheres of intellectual, scientific, technological and economic activity. ISO’s work results in international agreements that are published as International Standards.

MRV
Monitoring, Reporting and Verification. Processes developed by Indonesia’s Ministry of Forestry to evaluate land-use planning and water management systems for peatland, based on 19 indicators.

NOx
Nitrogen oxides such as nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide, (NO and NO2).

OHSAS 18001
OHSAS 18001 is an Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series for health and safety management systems. It is intended to help organizations control occupational health and safety risks.

Peat
Dead organic (vegetative) material that has accumulated over thousands of years due to a combination of permanent water saturation, low oxygen levels and high acidity. Peat consists of 90% water and 10% plant material.

Peatlands
Also known a “wetlands,” peatlands are ecosystems based on peat soils. These vary widely due to regional and local differences in soils, topography, climate, hydrology, water chemistry, vegetation, and other factors, including human disturbance. Peatlands are found from the tundra to the tropics and on every continent except Antarctica.

PEFC
Program for the Endorsement of Forest Certification is an international, non-governmental, non-profit organization dedicated to promoting sustainable forest management. PEFC is the world’s largest certification system.

Petajoule
A unit of energy equal to 1015 joules.

pH
The pH scale commonly measures the acidity or alkalinity of water. It ranges from 0 to 14. A pH of 7 is neutral (pure water). A pH less than 7 is acidic, and a pH greater than 7 is basic.

PROPER
Program Penilaian Kinerja Perusahaan or Program for Pollution Control, Evaluation, and Rating. The  Government of Indonesia’s National Environmental Impact Agency reporting initiative and regulatory tool. PROPER is designed to promote industrial compliance with pollution control regulations, to facilitate and enforce the adoption of practices contributing to “clean technology,” and to ensure a better environmental management system.

Pulp
Cellulose fibres used in the production of paper, tissue and board. Can be derived from hard-woods, softwoods and plant fibres.

Riau Province
(Riau Propinsi)
The province on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia, where APRIL’s pulp & paper mills are located. For administrative purposes, Indonesia is divided into a number of provinces, each administered by its own government.

Riparian
Relating to the immediate surrounding area of a natural watercourse. This includes vegetation as well as the soil.

SME
Small & Medium-sized Enterprises. APRIL helps establish and encourages local SMEs both through our  industrial operation and via community development.

SOx
Sulphur oxides such as sulphur monoxide, sulphur dioxide and sulphur trioxide (SO, SO2, SO3,).

TRS
Total Reduced Sulphur. Compounds released from both natural and industrial sources that produce offensive odors, but not normally considered a heatlth hazard.

TTSS
Total Suspended Solids. A measure of the solids in suspension in wastewater, effluent or water bodies.

UNGC
United National Global Compact. A compact consisting of 10 principles covering human rights, fair labour, the environment and anti-corruption. Established in July 2000, the UNGC seeks to promote responsible corporate citizenship by providing a framework for businesses to follow in response to the challenges of globalisation. The UNGC has been signed by more than 3,000 participants, including 2,500 companies around the world, making it one of the world’s largest voluntary corporate citizenship initiatives.

WBCSD
World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) is a CEO-led, global association of some 200 companies dealing exclusively with business and sustainable development.