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When Ni'mah and her family first moved to Pangkalan Kerinci in Indonesia's Riau Province, economic circumstances forced them to live in a hut with no electricity and no running water.
"I used to live in a palm plantation in Pangkalan Kerinci," she says. "There were only seven families living there at the time. There was no electricity, and the roads were still made of dirt. If it rained, it became muddy.
"If I wanted to go to the market, I had to walk around five kilometres to get there."
Ni'mah and her husband moved to the area from Java in 2010, but with few skills, they found it difficult to get jobs, and made ends meet by growing fruits and vegetables.
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Being a dock worker at the port for many years made Indra Gunawan feel as though he was not progressing in life.
Not only did he rarely meet his family, he also could not improve his family’s welfare.
“I worked as a dock worker for approximately six years, from 2006 until 2012. My income as a dock worker was very small,” Indra said.
It was because of this that Indra decided to change jobs from being a dock worker to a farmer in Kerinci Kanan of the Riau Province in Indonesia.
“The first reason was that I wanted to be closer to my family and also to the community.
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In 2008 Helmi learned a very expensive lesson. Seeking a quick way to clear some land for farming, he lit a fire. The fire quickly spread out of control and engulfed neighbouring land, causing significant damage before it was extinguished.
For setting the fire in Kuala Tolam Village in Indonesia’s Riau province, Helmi was fined IDR20 million, and he and his wife had to sell their gold in order to meet the bill. At that moment he vowed that in future he would work to protect the forest.
Helmi’s story is not unusual. Fire has been used to clear land for generations by local communities lacking access to finance and modern equipment. As well as being quick and cheap, the ash from the destroyed forest acts as a fertiliser. But fires can easily spread out of control, particularly in the dry season, leading to events like the 2015 haze which blanketed much of the region in smoke and cost Indonesia almost two percent of its GDP, according to the World Bank.
Read more: One man’s journey from illegal burner to forest protector with APRIL
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When you come from a low-income family and reside on a remote Indonesian island, it’s highly unlikely that you will go on to pursue higher education and contribute towards developing the country’s technology.
However, one Pulau Padang native has achieved just that, after being the first student from that area of Kepulauan Meranti in Riau to receive a scholarship from the APRIL Group.
“At first, I did not expect that I would reach this stage because previously there were no students from Pulau Padang who had ever received a scholarship from APRIL,” says Efendi.
At first, Efendi’s dream of being able to attend university seemed to be impossible.